A name in ink, a name in stone
Around 1712, a Quaker named Simon Hadley gathered his wife
Ruth and six children, the youngest a newborn, and left Ireland for a colony he
had never seen. Every Hadley line that later spread through Pennsylvania,
Delaware, North Carolina, Indiana and the West runs back through that one
decision.
Two things he left behind tell the story in short. One is
his signature, preserved in the Quaker records of Pennsylvania: a bold, looping
Simon Hadly, spelled without the “e” as the family often wrote it. The
other is a white stone set into the wall of a farmhouse near Hockessin,
Delaware, just south of the New Garden line, carved with the initials of Simon
and Ruth and the year 1717.
The signature belongs to a man arriving with no guarantee.
The stone belongs to a man who had decided to stay. This is the story of what
lay between them.
The world he was born into
Simon was born around 1675 in King’s County (now County
Offaly), Ireland. Family tradition traced the Irish Hadleys to Somerset,
England, and his people had lived in Ireland for generations before the
Cromwellian upheavals.
His father, also named Simon, was a gentleman of Ballynakill
who owned an iron smithy and had built four fish-curing sheds at Ballyscaddan
on Dublin Bay. Around 1685 the elder Simon petitioned the trustees of forfeited
Irish estates to protect those sheds, fearing the land beneath them might be
seized. He was a man who knew how quickly property could vanish in Ireland.
The family’s faith came through his mother, Catherine. She
appears to have been the first Hadley to join the Society of Friends, the
Quakers; her husband never did. Their son Simon grew up between two worlds, and
one family account says he struggled to keep his standing among Irish Friends
because of repeated involvement in military activities, something Quaker peace
testimony forbade. By adulthood, though, he had settled his loyalties. He
married a woman named Ruth, and the couple belonged to Moate Meeting in County
Westmeath.
Two years that changed everything
The records hint at why Simon moved when he did. His mother
Catherine died on 20 June 1710 and was buried four days later at Moate. His
father remarried, then died within the year; on 6 June 1711, the estate was
granted to Simon’s brother John, his stepmother and his sisters. Simon is not
named, which suggests he had already received his share, or was already making
plans to go.
Within about eighteen months, both of the people who tied
him to King’s County were gone. Meanwhile, Irish Quakers faced steady pressure
for refusing to pay tithes to the established church and refusing to swear
oaths. Fines, seized goods and jail were common. Across the ocean, William
Penn’s Pennsylvania offered land, religious freedom and a growing community of
Friends, and hundreds of Irish Quakers had already gone.
Still, consider what leaving meant. Simon was about 37, past
the age when most people uproot their lives. He had six children: Joseph about
13, Deborah 11, Joshua 9, young Simon 7, Hannah 2, and baby Ruth, born on 6
February 1712. An Atlantic crossing took weeks, and sickness aboard ship
routinely killed children and the very young. He was staking every one of them
on a place he knew only by letters and reputation.
The crossing, and a door left open
No record of Simon’s voyage survives. Many Irish Friends
sailed on ships like the Sizargh of Whitehaven, but his ship, his port
and the length of his passage are lost. What the records do show is a family of
eight arriving in the Delaware Valley around 1712 and settling near the line
between Chester County, Pennsylvania, and New Castle County, now Delaware.
One small detail reveals how uncertain the move must have
felt. Quakers who relocated carried a certificate of removal from their old
meeting, a kind of spiritual passport vouching for their good standing. Simon’s
certificate from Moate Meeting was not received in Pennsylvania until 4 August
1716, about four years after he arrived.
The family historian Chalmers Hadley read this as a sign the
family “may have been uncertain in their plans to remain.” Simon took the leap,
but he seems to have kept one hand on the door behind him, waiting to see
whether the new land would hold before formally cutting his ties to the old
one.
Putting down roots at New Garden
Simon bought a large tract in the Manor of Steyning, a
15,000-acre stretch of fertile land about thirty miles south of Philadelphia
that later became New Garden Township. Much of his land ran south into New
Castle County. His neighbors were families he likely knew from Ireland: the
Lindleys, Starrs, Huttons, Rutledges, Millers, Rowlands and Johnsons.
He moved quickly into community life. Friends in the
settlement were meeting by about 1713, at first, by family account, inside
Simon’s own home. On 26 October 1717 a deed granted six acres for the New
Garden Meeting House to four trustees: Simon Hadley, James Starr, Thomas
Jackson and Michael Lightfoot. Two more daughters were born in the new country:
Catherine in April 1715, named for the grandmother who had brought the family
into the Quaker faith, and Ann in February 1718.
Then, in 1717, came the stone house. Earlier homes in the
settlement were mostly temporary, but this one was built to last: two and a
half stories of stone, with pointed gable windows and, beneath the front gable,
a white stone slab carved “S. and R. H. 1717.” It was still standing in 1881,
Chalmers Hadley found it still in use around 1916. A year after his
certificate finally arrived, Simon had carved his decision into the wall.
The risk paid off in standing, too. On 25 July 1726,
Governor Patrick Gordon commissioned Simon a Justice of the Peace for New
Castle County. He was recommissioned in 1727 and 1733 and rose to judge of the
county courts, including the Orphans’ Court, which protected the estates of
fatherless children. There is a quiet irony here. Simon had left a country
where Quakers were punished for refusing to swear oaths; in Penn’s colonies,
Friends could affirm instead, and the refugee became the man on the bench. In 1734
he signed a Quaker petition to King George II about the Penn-Baltimore boundary
dispute.
He kept serving into old age. In 1754, when he was about 79,
New Garden Monthly Meeting appointed him to oversee the wedding of Samuel
Nichols and Elizabeth Jordan and report that it was “orderly accomplished.”
When he missed the June meeting, Friends sent Robert Halliday to ask him to
explain himself. On 27 July 1754 Simon appeared in person, gave his account of
the wedding “and also his reasons for the omission, which is taken for
satisfaction.” Even near eighty, the man who had crossed an ocean still answered
to his meeting.
What the risk built
Simon spent his later years turning his gamble into an
inheritance. In December 1726 he deeded 200 acres in Mill Creek Hundred to his
son Joshua, writing that he did so “for and in consideration of the Love,
good-will and affection which I have and do bear towards my Loveing son.” Ruth
signed as a witness. Joseph already had land nearby, and Joseph’s son John
later inherited a plantation from his grandfather.
All eight children of the Irish couple lived to see the new
land; seven are recorded as marrying.
|
Child |
Born |
Married |
Notes |
|
Joseph |
1698, Ireland |
Amy Gregg, 1721 |
Rebuked by the meeting in 1725 for
holding cards; his son John inherited Simon’s plantation |
|
Deborah |
1701, Ireland |
Benjamin Fred, son of John, 1721;
then Jacob Howell |
No children recorded |
|
Joshua |
1703, Ireland |
Mary Rowland, 1725 (married twice) |
Ancestor of the North Carolina and
Indiana Hadleys |
|
Simon |
1705, Ireland |
— |
Died 1731, about age 26 |
|
Hannah |
1710, Ireland |
Thomas Dixon (Dickson), 1727; then
John Stanfield |
Simon and Ruth Dixon; Rebecca, John,
Thomas and Samuel Stanfield |
|
Ruth |
1712, Ireland |
Thomas Lindley, at Bristol, Bucks
County |
Ten children; your 6th
great-grandmother |
|
Catherine |
1715, Pennsylvania |
Robert Johnson |
Robert had to apologize to the
meeting for courting her before asking her parents |
|
Ann |
1718, Pennsylvania |
Richard Gregg |
Eight children |
The grandchildren’s names carry a quiet tribute: Simon, Ruth
and Catherine appear again and again among them.
Ruth, who had crossed the ocean with a baby in her arms,
died on 18 February 1751 and was buried at New Garden. Simon later married
Phebe, widow of Richard Buffington of Bradford, Chester County.
Simon wrote his will on 3 November 1755, calling himself
simply a yeoman of Mill Creek Hundred, and it was proved on 17 February 1756;
he died that winter at about 80. The will reads like a roll call of everything
the crossing made possible: six living children and more than forty
grandchildren by name, along with Phebe and her Buffington children. One name
reaches back across the water: his “nephew, Thomas Keran,” almost certainly a
son of Simon’s sister Jane Kiernan, who was named in their father’s estate in
Ireland in 1711. At least one branch of the family left behind had followed him
over. Some stayed put: on 1 August 1793, nearly forty years after Simon’s
death, a Simon Hadley signed as witness to a land deed in Mill Creek Hundred,
probably the great-grandson born there in 1754 to Joseph’s son John. Through
Joshua’s line, the Hadleys kept doing what Simon had done, moving on to North
Carolina, then Ohio, Indiana and the West. As Chalmers Hadley put it, the
family was “marked in their inclination to explore new lands.” The risk had
become a family trait.
My line: the baby on the ship
The youngest passenger in this story is my direct ancestor.
Ruth Hadley, born 6 February 1712 in Ireland, was an infant when her parents
made the crossing; she is my 6th great-grandmother, and Simon is my 7th
great-grandfather. If any one of the family’s risks had gone the other way, a
sickness at sea or a failed first winter, my branch would not exist. Her birth
is entered in the New Garden Monthly Meeting register, and the index card made
from it spells out the date for later readers: “12 Mo (Feb) 6, 1711/12.”
Ruth grew up on the New Garden plantation and married Thomas
Lindley, son of one of the neighboring Irish Quaker families. A marriage record
held by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania lists Ruth Hadley of Newcastle
marrying in Bristol, Bucks County, with Thomas Lindley as her husband. Chalmers
Hadley lists ten children for Ruth and Thomas: Catherine, James, Simon, Ruth,
Thomas, Mary, Eleanor, William, Deborah and John. Simon’s 1755 will names only
six of them, so the other four may have died young or been left out of the
published abstract. Their first daughter carried her grandmother Catherine’s
name, and two more children carried Simon’s and Ruth’s.
|
Generation |
Ancestor |
Born |
|
7th great-grandparents |
Simon Hadley and Ruth |
Simon about 1675, Ireland |
|
6th great-grandparents |
Ruth Hadley and Thomas Lindley |
Ruth 6 Feb 1712, Ireland; died 4 Dec
1785, Snow Camp, NC |
The marriage record names Ruth’s father only as “Hadley,” so
it does not prove the link to Simon by itself. Simon’s own will does: written
in November 1755, it names his “dau., Ruth Linly, wife to Thomas Linly,” and
leaves gifts to her children Catherine, James, Simon, Ruth, Thomas and John.
Two family genealogies written forty years apart agree. The 1878 Jackson family
genealogy lists “Ruth, born 12mo. 6, 1711–12; married Thomas Lindley” among the
children of Simon and Ruth Hadley, “early settlers of Mill Creek, Delaware.”
Chalmers Hadley’s 1916 account names the same marriage, and the record’s
“Newcastle” residence fits Simon’s land in New Castle County. Bristol is also a
long way from New Garden for a Quaker wedding, which would normally take place
at the couple’s own meeting. Viewing the original record image for its date,
place of worship and witnesses would be worth doing.
Ruth did not stay in the place her father had risked
everything to reach. Like so many of Simon’s descendants, she and Thomas moved
on, south to the Quaker settlements of the North Carolina backcountry. Thomas
Lindley is generally identified as the builder of Lindley’s Mill on Cane Creek,
where a Revolutionary War battle was fought in September 1781. Ruth died on 4
December 1785 near Snow Camp, in what is now Alamance County, at 73, and was
buried in the cemetery of Spring Monthly Meeting. The baby who crossed the
Atlantic in her mother’s arms ended her life as a pioneer herself, some 400
miles from where she grew up.
What we know, and what is tradition
The core of this story rests on records; a few colorful
details do not, and are worth keeping separate.
•
Documented: the children’s birth dates,
Catherine’s 1710 death, the 1711 administration of the elder Simon’s estate,
the 1716 receipt of the removal certificate, the 1713 meeting-house
trusteeship, the 1717 date stone, the 1726 deed to Joshua, Simon’s commissions
as Justice of the Peace, and his 1755 will naming his children and
grandchildren.
•
Approximate: the 1712 arrival year. Myers’ index
uses a certificate’s arrival date or the first mention of residence, and
Chalmers Hadley says only that the family came “about 1712.”
•
Unproven: Ruth’s maiden name (a belief that she
was a Miller has no supporting record), the family’s descent from the Somerset
Hadleys, and Simon’s military activities in Ireland, which come from one family
researcher’s account.
•
Tradition only: the story that Simon, as a very
old man, was killed in his stable by a servant trying to rob him. No record
confirms it; his will shows only that he died between 3 November 1755 and 17
February 1756.
The two genealogies disagreed on two daughters’ husbands,
and Simon’s own will settles it: both were married twice. Deborah married
Benjamin Fred, son of John, in 1721, according to a Delaware marriage card
copied from a family Bible; by 1755 Simon calls her “Deborah Howel, wife to
Jacob Howel.” Hannah married Thomas Dickson in Chester County on 25 August
1727, and by 1755 she was “widow to John Stanfield,” with two Dixon children,
Simon and Ruth, and four Stanfields. The 1878 Jackson book recorded the first
husbands; Chalmers Hadley’s 1916 notes recorded the second.
Two dating notes: the Delaware card’s “4/20/1721” is likely
a copy of the Quaker “4th month, 20th,” which would mean 20 June 1721. The
Jackson book’s 7mo. 2, 1725 for Hannah’s wedding actually belongs to Joshua’s
marriage to Mary Rowland.
A note on dates: Quaker records used numbered months, with
the year starting in March before 1752. So “12 Mo. 6, 1711-12” for baby Ruth
means 6 February 1712, and “6 Mo. 4, 1716” for the certificate means 4 August
1716. The dates above have been converted. The online passenger index also
lists only the six children born in Ireland, since Catherine and Ann were born
after the family arrived.
Sources
•
Chalmers
Hadley, Notes on the Quaker Family of Hadley (Denver: Carson-Harper Co.,
1916), pp. 12–22.
•
Albert
Cook Myers, Immigration of the Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682–1750
(Swarthmore, PA, 1902), p. 340, Simon Hadley entry with signature.
•
U.S.
and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s–1900s, entry for Simon Hadley, 1712, New
Castle Co., Delaware (source publication code 5917).
•
Proceedings
of the Sesqui-Centennial Gathering of the Descendants of Isaac and Ann Jackson,
at Harmony Grove, Chester Co., Pa., … Together with the Family Genealogy (Philadelphia: Committee for the
Family, 1878), p. 225.
•
Delaware
Marriage Records card, Benjamin Fred (son of John) and Deborah Hadley (daughter
of Simon), 4/20/1721, reference Vol. 87, p. 172.6, source marked “Bible.”
•
Delaware
Public Archives, “Commission Book A” (New Castle County magistrates, 1726), and
J. Thomas Scharf, History of Delaware, 1609–1888, judiciary of New
Castle County, as cited in family research notes; not consulted directly.
•
National
Register of Historic Places, “Simon Hadley House,” Hockessin, New Castle
County, Delaware, reference no. 86002931, as cited in family research notes.
•
“Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Marriage Records, 1512–1989,”
FamilySearch, entry for Ruth Hadley (spouse Thomas Lindley),
ark:/61903/1:1:6CYX-K1SH.
•
Death
and burial of Ruth Lindley, 4 December 1785, Snow Camp, Alamance County, North
Carolina, Spring Monthly Meeting Cemetery, from a cemetery index entry supplied
by the family; original source not yet identified.
•
New
Garden Monthly Meeting (PA), card for Simon and Ruth Hadley and children, with
Ruth (wife of Simon) d. 12-18-1750/1, in U.S., Hinshaw Index to Selected
Quaker Records, 1680–1940, Ancestry.
•
Deed,
William Stapler and Mary his wife of Mill Creek Hundred to James Stroud of
Stanton, miller, dated 1 August 1793, witnessed by Simon Hadley and Edward
Thomas, New Castle County Deed Book, p. 173, in Delaware, U.S., Land
Records, 1677–1947, Ancestry.
•
Will of
Simon Hadley, Mill Creek Hundred, made 3 November 1755, proved 17 February
1756, Will Book Misc. 1, p. 218, abstracted in A Calendar of Delaware Wills,
New Castle County, 1682–1800 (Wilmington, DE, 1911), via Ancestry, New
Castle County, Delaware Wills, 1682–1800.
•
New
Garden Monthly Meeting (Chester County, PA), Minutes 1746–1768, pp. 130–131,
meetings of 29 June and 27 July 1754, in U.S., Quaker Meeting Records,
1681–1935, Ancestry.
• “Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Marriage Records, 1512–1989,” FamilySearch, entry for Hannah Hadley (spouse Thomas Dickson), 25 August 1727, ark:/61903/1:1:6CYX-Q5JS.
• Futhey and Cope, History of Chester County (1881), p. 576, as cited by both Myers and Hadley; not consulted directly.
__________________________________
All primary source information referenced was obtained from a variety of published and archival materials, including books, historic newspapers, U.S. census records, vital records, probate files, and land documents. These sources were accessed through leading genealogical platforms such as Newspapers.com, Ancestry, FamilySearch, Find a Grave, as well as through local, state & federal archival repositories, libraries and private collections. Interpretive narrative may also include Carol Anna Meyer Brooks' personal experiences or family stories shared with her throughout her lifetime.
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